C&O / GAP Forum

I intend to spend a ton of time camping along the C&O this spring,summer,fall..was curious about anyone's experience with wild life and food supply.. racoons, bears , cats, chipmunk's,,etc..
should I hang it in a the tree..realize its not a heavy bear population ..Maybe a few in Greenridge. or Washington county..I was just curious if anyone has had issues or what is the recommended storage practice while sleeping.. I'm retired an mostly traveling alone with freeze-dried and dried fruit.. any input would be greatly appreciated... Definitely self sufficient no restaurant's..

I’ve had very few and no significant issues with animals during my multiple trips across the GAP & C&O Trail either to myself or my food while traveling solo. I’ve never seen an entire bear… but may have seen the rear end of one scurrying across the trail a few years back. You’re likely subject to more risk from a deer, groundhog, squirrel, or Canadian goose sprinting across the trail in front of you or losing control by hitting and riding over a walnut!

That said, and aside from Washington and Greene Counties, bears do exist in Fayette and perhaps even more so in Somerset counties through which the GAP passes. But, as I said, I’ve never seen one. I have seen foxes along the C&O as they sought out young goslings but never near my campsites.

Food storage can be an issue, primarily from raccoons and, less so, from mice and ground squirrels. For that reason I do not leave fresh or packaged food exposed, e.g. left on a table. I typically put it in a sealed bag or sack and store in a pannier. That may not be as safe as hanging it from a tree, but I have not had a breach thus far although I usually keep my panniers under the porch area of my tent.

These have been my observances over the last 11 years. Others may have somewhat different experiences to share. Enjoy your trip.

Thanks Rivnuts...I've got some beefy panniers..Ortliebs..was really wondering about can I bring the food inside. I'm primarily hammock camping.. But if I can keep the food directly under me on a ground cloth in a pannier that would be fantastic.. 11 years Holy smoke..that's truly astonishing.. You must have a passion not matched by many..C&O has been on my bucket list for decades.. since I spent the night in a grave yard of people who died building it. At least thats what I was told by the Scout Leaders back in the early 70s..we stayed at a Boy Scout camp that was in GreenRidge state forest Maryland Thanks again

Doug:

Let me know when the time approaches and perhaps we can cross paths along the trail. Happy trails.

absolutely....I'd enjoy that.. I'm retired so when the weather brakes
probably mid to late March...I'm heading out.. most likely C&O
I will keep ya posted..Thanks..

How can I send ya my e-mail or some other contact.. I'm also on Reddit

Doug:

I too am retired and thus fiexible though limited somewhat by various family commitments and sporadic medical appointments. Living in Homestead,PA I’m closest to the GAP. You can email me at:

Rivnuts@yahoo.com

Best Wishes

I sent ya an e-mail
thelowry4@msn.com

Like rvrnuts, wife and I have biked trail dozens of times but never had any problems with bears. Have had problems with raccoons primarily at Swains lock, especially one particularly persistent one a few years back that was determined to get into our panniers that were on bikes. After finally chasing him completely out of campsite area he came back later and ended up spreading neighbors’s belongings over entire area. Other than Swains we’ve had no real issues other than one mouse who made a nest inside rear pannier.

I have hiked and backpacked all over the general area, and hike and backpack /a lot/ out in the PNW. I hike regularly into the Olympic Mountains specifically to see the emerging spring bear cubs. Lots of experience around wildlife, including active bear territory. Along the C&O, it's the small critters that can be a bit of an annoyance. Curious chipmunks, squirrels, racoons, and so on. If I were in a tent, not in a known active bear area, I would just keep any food or scented items in the tent with me. Not outside the tent, not in the vestibule. Unless you are using an Ursack - but even then you'll just spend the night being woken up by the sound of critters trying to chew the bag. Otherwise, a good hang. I find most people struggle with a good hang technique and place it too near their camp. Look up PCT Method of doing a bear hang and practice it.

Wow ...guess eating YOUR food is a heck of a lot easier than scrounging around for scraps...I'm primarily hammock camping.. wasn't sure about putting the panniers directly under me or hanging on a tiny string about 10 feet in the air..That's wonderful your wife did it with ya.. I've gotten my wife's bike all rigged up to do the same..we really ride well together, just haven't stayed out yet .. this year will be our first. Both in our 60's.. have camped together while canoe camping. up in Green Ridge 20 years ago.. children and grandchildren kinda change priorities a bit..I'm retired waiting for her..any site to avoid ??? not going to ask favorites.. LOL

Personally, I would not recommend the Evitts Creek campsite due both to its general condition and its proximity to Cumberland. Ignoring the raccoon, Swains Lock can be less than wonderful on summer weekends when it can be quite busy and noisy since it’s the closest free H/B site before DC. And while noise from trains is omnipresent along the trail, the Bald Eagle and Calico Rocks campsites south of Brunswick are virtually adjacent to the train tracks going to and from the switchyard in Brunswick. You feel certain they are going to pass though your tent when trying to sleep at those sites.

Thank you Rivnuts, G,S,&Z,Brian for the in put.., you all have definitely help me and I hope others who read these comments. What a great forum for a noob like me to ask questions and get unbiased answers...tip of the hat to ya all...if ya ever see an old fart ridding an old red Jamis mtb with red panniers.. and a smile..say hello..may the soil beneath your wheels be firm this season.,enjoy...keep up the good work

Hey Brian... I've got a arborist bean bag and throw line. for reaching up to do a good hang.. Thanks. I'll probably bring a dry bag and use that.. drag a different line up for the final hang.. small enough so a squirrel cant climb.. hopefully 1.18 mm 3/64" dia line with 100 pound capacity.. about 10 ft in the air....ok?? sound good??

Hey Doug, if you do a PCT Method* hang, you don't need a separate throw line and hang line. In fact, you don't want that because it probably means that you are tying off your hang line to a tree ... which you don't want to do ... clever racoons and for sure bears will make easy work of any line tied off to a tree trunk and send your bag falling to the ground.

As for line ... your line sounds fine and if you already have it, great, use it. A few specific ones I like though: Lawson Ultraglide. Great US line maker. A little thicker, but does not snag as easily on branches. Reflective Tracer. A really good, high quality line. Hilltop Packs sells a nice ultralight one that I use often. It's 1.75mm, Dyneema so no stretch (good), super strong, and also has a reflective tracer, which is great for finding your hang in the dark. I mostly prefer this one because it is lighter and packs smaller. It is slick and fiddly though so you need to be competent with your knots ... but if you are doing PCT Method*, the only knot you do in the field is a very simple clove hitch.

*https://theultimatehang.com/2013/03/19/hanging-a-bear-bag-the-pct-method/

Thanks Brian.. Dyneema is incredible line.. I've got a couple Whoopie slings and Dyneema continuous loops... Ohhh and by the way I've got the book The Ultimate Hang.. Love it..
my email is thelowry4@msn.com feel free. don't wanna bog this forum down.. I've spent some time out in the north west as well..back in the early 80's also Wyoming , South Dakota..Different worlds all together. Off topic C & O ,,, Can't wait...Thanks a ton Brian.. My middle name and my sons name Buttt..... Bryan

Raw sewage is being diverted into the Canal .... then pumped out back into the 72" sewage line that broke upstream... Can't imagine the clean up is going to be easy Estimated volume... Not necessarily in the canal but ballpark is 40 million gallons..This was 1/23/25

Where is this along the C&O?

I'm not 100% sure... thought they said something about lock 10...
please don't quote me on this.. But from the video's available, they have lined the canal with heavy gauge plastic.. then down river they cut a path through the canal berm to access the 72" pipe and dump into
that.. kinda cool really.. But what a mess .. several million gallons of untreated sewage were dumped into the poor old Potomac.. She has had so much filth and debris dumped over the centuries.. think the powers to be are handling this as well as can be expected considering the conditions and frozen ground.. believe the 72" pipe was installed in 1960.. always think back to when the C&O was officially closed.
1924...What were the river and canal water conditions back then . Some of the tree's in and around the canal are over a century old.. survived Agnus 72, 1996 Wow... so many other floods..
Stay warm

If it were indeed at Lock 10, that would be just inside the Beltway. I would assume that there are no public water system intakes downriver toward DC and appropriate measures are being taken. If there were any good news surrounding this situation, it would be that it’s winter. Raw sewage in the canal in August would be unpleasant if not even more unhealthy. Hopefully the situation is corrected.expeditiously.

I believe there have been reports on the facebook page:Great Allegheny Passage / C&O Canal Enthusiasts. This was posted by Greg Humes, today, 1-30-2026:

"C&O MM 10 Sewage Overflow update (as of late 1/29). I am going to copy/paste DC Water update as some posts with links aren't getting approved. "Today, officials with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Maryland Department of Environment (MDE), and DC Department of Energy and Environment (DOEE) toured the collapse site. The visit provided a firsthand look into ongoing bypass operations, excavation, and the repair process, underscoring the strong oversight and collaboration among federal, state, and local agencies.

"Crews have excavated a section of the sewer line about 30 feet downstream of the collapse site and removed the crown of the pipe. Active flow is visible indicating the sewer line is partially functioning – despite the damage - with some wastewater getting past the break and continuing downstream in the Potomac Interceptor.

"Work will begin tomorrow to clean debris and obstructions in the pipe, a critical step toward restoring full flow through the system and eliminate dry and wet weather overflows. Additional work will also get underway to stabilize the ground at the collapse site. Trench boxes, acting as giant retaining walls, will be installed around the damaged section for containment and to prevent more erosion. Once debris is cleared and wastewater levels around the collapse drop further, teams will excavate the damaged pipe section to thoroughly assess the damage. This will determine the repairs needed and timeline.

"Eight bypass pumps remain in operation, with crews monitoring the site 24/7 to keep the pumps running through difficult conditions posed by the extreme cold. The system began operation on Saturday, diverting a significant volume of wastewater around the damaged pipe and carrying it back into the Potomac Interceptor further downstream of the collapse."

I hope that helps.

Thanks for that update.

Sincerely appreciate the time and thorough explanation... well done

Here is a link to an article by NPR regarding the sewage leak dated today, 2-7-26 at 7:10 PM:

https://www.npr.org/2026/02/07/nx-s1-5705313/broken-pipe-sewage-spill-potomac-river

We are going from Pittsburgh to Washington DC. On day 1 we wanted to get some mileage under our belt after a long car ride.

The approximate mileage we wanted to get through was Pittsburgh to Elizabethtown (or less) on day 1.

The issue is we have a rather large contingency (12 riders) so we will need accomodations for all-1 couple and the rest of the riders can double up.

Does someone have a suggestion on accomodation for a night in September?

Thanks!

Elizabethtown? I know of no such place along the trail by that name. A portion of the GAP passes through Elizabeth Township but I know of now place there that could accommodate a large group. Hence I’m not sure how to answer your question but I’ll offer some information to consider. Many large groups riding from Pittsburgh to DC spend the first night in West Newton, PA. There is a BnB there (Bright Morning) consisting of multiple buildings. It is about 35 miles from the start of the GAP in downtown Pittsburgh. If you want to get further down the trail, the next opportunity for a large group to stay would likely be in Connellsville at the Comfort Inn hotel. That would be a 60–mile day from downtown.

I’m not sure if this is the kind of info you’re looking for. If not, please provide some additional details about your desired itinerary and I or others will try to help.

An additional thought came to mind. The John Butler House BnB in Elizabeth Township near Butler Golf Course has four bedrooms that could accommodate eight people which may not be enough for your group. Also it is up a nearly one-mile hill via Rock Run Road off the trail. It's about 25 miles from downtown.

What is the actual mileage you are trying to target?

Take a look at the Mileage Chart on the menu at the top of this website. You'll see a decent chart that lines up mileage from Pittsburgh to towns along the route. That might give a better sense of where to start looking for accommodations.

Maybe just ride to Homestead as a bit of a shakedown / stretch the legs kind of thing. Plenty of hotel rooms there, and restaurant choices as well. Of course, you have to go to Primanti's, but others may not be interested in local culture.

Also, Rivnuts, it's good to see you still here helping folks out. If you ever make it down to the Katy, be sure to find me on that forum...

Bill in Columbia (Houston):

Long time…no hear! Nice to see you are still lurking out there! We miss your insight and affection for the GAP/C&O. Interesting, I did make it to Missouri and ride the Big BAM Tour in the fall of 2024. The Katy had been on my bucket list for some time.

You don’t know how close you came to seeing me during that trip! I was in the ER the Thursday night before departing for Missouri with abdominal distress but was treated and released. Feeling better the next morning I drove with a friend from Pittsburgh via Columbus OH to St. Charles and took the bus to Clinton to begin the ride. Though not feeling great, I made it to Boonville where I became very ill during the night. Enough so, that I was developing plans to abandon the tour, ride to Columbia which appeared to be the nearest hospital and location from which I could fly home. In that event, I was going to try to contact you about leaving my bike with you if I had to fly home. Fortunately, my friend had driven from Columbus to St. Charles so that I wouldn’t have to retrieve a car from St. Charles also but only from Columbus if I did abandon the tour. However, the next morning I felt somewhat better and completed the tour and returned to Pittsburgh. A few days after returning I had emergency abdominal surgery. I know that’s too much information!

All that said, it’s good to hear from you again. Hope to see you in the ‘Burgh in the future. Stay well my friend and keep the rubber side down!

I am trying to find someone who would like to do a bike trip from D.C. to Pittsburgh sometime next summer. I have done ten (10) such trips in the past but have run out of buddies, kids and grandkids who are available to do it. I averaged 70-85 miles per day in the past but want to average no more than 60 miles per day this year. I can do all the planning. Just let me know if you are interested.

It may help potentially interested persons to know whether you plan to camp, stay indoors or a combination thereof. Also your thoughts about how to get to DC from the ‘Burgh such as by train, car, shuttle or other means would also be helpful. How many days you plan to take would be helpful as well. From your description it would appear your planning 6 days of riding.

Just a thought to help anyone that may have an interest.

Was curious about construction progress on the new steps .. going from the tow path to the pedestrian bridge for access to
Harper's Ferry.., a little wordy sorry....

It's been a month since I've been by. They were still working on foundation.

Thank you very much... I imagine the frozen precip and crazy ground freezing temps aren't going to help with the progress..

Looking for some feedback on how rough (roots and rocks) the C&O trail is, and if there are sections which are rougher than others.

The short answer is yes. The C&O Towpath surface varies over its length. Unless you divert to the paved Western Maryland Rail Trail (WMRT) that parallels the C&O for ~25 miles, the Towpath is an unpaved trail of varying surface types. The good news is that over the years, much of the native earthen surface has been improved via resurfacing with a crushed aggregate. However, there remains a number of “3R” (rocks roots and ruts”) sections as well as some that don’t drain well and will be muddy with significant or recurring rain.

Approaching and especially exiting the Paw Paw Tunnel to Little Orleans has one or more of the 3R’s present. In fact, the section from the Paw Paw Tunnel to Little Orleans has not been resurfaced (as of last August) and is less enjoyable especially during or following rain. Also, the trail approaching and after Great Falls is a more gravelly surface with some rocks. In general none of the rocks are particularly sharp. Of all my trips on the C&O, a few have been on a road bike with 28mm tires. That would not be my recommendation, but I wouldn’t buy another bike just to make the trip. Wider tires or a thick chamois would be desirable however. :-)

Hopefully, other forum participants can offer their experience and opinions as well.

As Rivnuts mentions, it has changed quite a bit over the years and each year gets a little closer to the GAP in terms of surface quality. The important point though is that it isn't all like that. Where it is, you have a fine crushed limestone that rolls nearly as fast as pavement. It's a joy, but you do have to keep in mind that it is not asphalt. Edges will be soft and where it's soft thin tires will sink.

In other areas, you will encounter a rougher aggregate, pea rock, and dirt. Where it is dirt, you may encounter mud, or ruts. It's been two years since my last ride, but Cumberland south to Oldtown was particularly rough. Over they years I have also frequently encountered "temporary" surface, following a washout or other repair activity, and these sections are typically a coarser gravel.

If you are planning a full ride, probably the most important thing is to just be aware of the varying conditions and plan for the unexpected.

BUT ... this is not rough/technical, single-track level hazard. And it also not (generally) deep gravel, or chunky gravel.

What is your concern? General curiousity, difficulty of riding, bike prep, etc?

What is your concern?

Just want to reach out to everyone and wish a very happy holiday and God Bless

You too Michael. My New Year plans are to ride the GAP/CO along about June. Hope closures don't present obstacles.

Thanks for the holiday wishes and hope you and yours have a great New Year. Spring is right around the corner my friend!

I haven't gotten to ride as much as I'd like but hope to do better in 2026. Maybe I'll see you out there.

Thank you, Michael.
I am late with my reply - I thought the reply but did not write it down. We are so very fortunate to have these trails available to us. Thank you for joining us.

Cathy,
Keep training during the holidays kid. It pays off when the warm weather arrives. Winter rides are navigable since indoor trainers don't do it for me personally.

Navigable perhaps but with multiple inches of snow and temps in the 20’s here in Pittsburgh, winter training rides are quite challenging but still better than riding indoor.

I got out yesterday, 1/7/26, and rode 10 miles. Temps were in the mid 40s with maybe 8-10 mph wind. It was easy. I was surprised and thrilled that I could handle that low temperature. So I'm optimistic about doing some rides when it is in the mid 40s or up and dry. And who knows, maybe the low 40s. Hopefully this post will not result in weeks of constant snow and temps in the 20s until April.

I agree that trying to train indoors just isn't the same as being on a bike on a trail.

Please 2026, be less traumatic than 2025! Well, ok, never mind about that. Just give us bikeable weather.